How is energy defined in physical science?

Energy is defined in physical science as the ability to do work. This definition encapsulates the core concept of what energy represents within various systems, emphasizing that energy is not a specific quantity of work or a rate of work being done, but rather a property that enables work to occur.

In many contexts, energy can manifest in different forms, such as kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy, and more. Each of these forms can be converted into work, illustrating how energy serves as the fundamental capacity to cause changes in physical systems. Understanding energy as the ability to do work is crucial for grasping concepts in mechanics, thermodynamics, and other areas of physics.