What is the process of bad energy transfer through empty space called?

The process of energy transfer through empty space is called radiation. This form of energy transfer occurs via electromagnetic waves, such as light and heat, which can travel through a vacuum where no medium is needed, unlike conduction and convection.

Radiation is fundamental in understanding how the Sun's energy reaches Earth. It explains how thermal energy can be transmitted without the need for direct contact or a material medium, allowing warmth to be felt even at a distance.

Convection involves the transfer of heat through fluids (liquids and gases) due to the movement of the fluid itself, while conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between materials. Absorption refers to the process in which matter takes up radiation, converting it to internal energy rather than transferring it through space.