Which step in the scientific method involves making predictions based on a hypothesis?

The step in the scientific method that involves making predictions based on a hypothesis is the formulation phase, which is often understood as part of hypothesis formulation. In this step, a hypothesis is crafted based on initial observations, and it typically includes specific predictions about the outcomes of future experiments.

For instance, if a scientist hypothesizes that increasing the amount of sunlight a plant receives will accelerate its growth, they might formulate predictions such as "if the plant receives more sunlight, then it will grow taller compared to a plant that receives less sunlight." This prediction sets the stage for testing through experimentation.

The other steps, such as observation, experimentation, and conclusion, serve different purposes. Observation involves gathering data and insights about a phenomenon; experimentation tests the hypothesis and predictions; and the conclusion assesses the results of the experiment to determine whether they support or refute the hypothesis.